Clinical Use of Inotropic Therapy for Heart Failure: Looking Backward or Forward? Part I: Inotropic Infusions During Hospitalization

Early descriptions of heart failure focused on the syndrome of congestion, an excess of the wet or melancholic humors, “dropsy,” or “backward” failure.1 Although associations with weak pulses and cool skin were also noted, more precise measurement of impaired contraction at the level of the heart and the myocyte itself later redefined heart failure as a malady of impaired forward function. Focu...

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Clinical use of inotropic therapy for heart failure: looking backward or forward? Part I: inotropic infusions during hospitalization.

Early descriptions of heart failure focused on the syndrome of congestion, an excess of the wet or melancholic humors, “dropsy,” or “backward” failure.1 Although associations with weak pulses and cool skin were also noted, more precise measurement of impaired contraction at the level of the heart and the myocyte itself later redefined heart failure as a malady of impaired forward function. Focu...

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Clinical use of inotropic therapy for heart failure: looking backward or forward? Part II: chronic inotropic therapy.

Identification of Inotrope Dependence Many considered initially to be dependent on inotropic infusions can undergo successful weaning after complete diuresis of excess volume and careful adjustment of concomitant oral medications, which may be facilitated by hemodynamic monitoring to optimize loading conditions on oral agents.2,3 -Adrenergic receptor antagonists would have been discontinued alr...

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Clinical Use of Inotropic Therapy for Heart Failure: Looking Backward or Forward? Part II: Chronic Inotropic Therapy

Identification of Inotrope Dependence Many considered initially to be dependent on inotropic infusions can undergo successful weaning after complete diuresis of excess volume and careful adjustment of concomitant oral medications, which may be facilitated by hemodynamic monitoring to optimize loading conditions on oral agents.2,3 -Adrenergic receptor antagonists would have been discontinued alr...

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Part I: Inotropic Infusions During Hospitalization

Inotropic Infusions During Hospitalization Clinical Use of Inotropic Therapy for Heart Failure: Looking Backward or Forward? Part I: Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2003 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000078348.44634.BA 2003;1...

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Clinical Use of Inotropic Therapy for Heart Failure: Looking Backward or Forward? Part I: Inotropic Infusions During Hospitalization

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